{"id":28407,"date":"2014-03-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-03-11T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/who-decides-when-it-comes-to-mining\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T08:13:51","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T13:13:51","slug":"who-decides-when-it-comes-to-mining","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/who-decides-when-it-comes-to-mining\/","title":{"rendered":"Who Decides When it Comes to Mining?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Si se estudia lo que decidi\u00f3 la Corte, la conclusi\u00f3n es que, antes de autorizar un proyecto minero, el Gobierno Nacional debe llegar a un acuerdo con las autoridades de los municipios del proyecto. Y los ciudadanos pueden transmitir su opini\u00f3n a esas autoridades mediante consultas populares como las que se han hecho en Tauramena (Casanare) y Piedras (Tolima) y se est\u00e1n planeando en otros lugares. <\/p>\n<p>Lo primero que hay que aclarar es que el fallo de la semana pasada no ten\u00eda que ver directamente con las consultas. El tema era una regla del C\u00f3digo de Minas que les proh\u00edbe a los alcaldes y concejos municipales vetar la miner\u00eda en su territorio. La Corte respald\u00f3 esta regla de \u201cprohibido prohibir\u201d, porque la Constituci\u00f3n establece que los recursos del subsuelo son de la Naci\u00f3n y pueden ser regulados s\u00f3lo por el Gobierno Nacional. <\/p>\n<p>Pero esta es s\u00f3lo la mitad del fallo, seg\u00fan el comunicado de la Corte. La otra mitad puntualiza que las autoridades municipales tienen la facultad de regular el suelo, lo que incluye el agua, el uso de la tierra para actividades como la agricultura y la protecci\u00f3n del medio ambiente. Y estos fines (a diferencia de la miner\u00eda) son prioritarios seg\u00fan la Constituci\u00f3n, como lo recordaron los magistrados Palacio y Rojas en su voto aclaratorio. <\/p>\n<p>Por supuesto, la miner\u00eda afecta tanto el suelo como el subsuelo. Por ejemplo, para que AngloGold extraiga los 24 millones de onzas de oro que habr\u00eda en la mina de La Colosa (Tolima) se precisar\u00edan 9 millones de metros c\u00fabicos de agua, 4 millones de kilos de cianuro anuales y plantas de tratamiento y escombreras ubicadas a distancias que alcanzan los 100 kil\u00f3metros, en municipios como Ibagu\u00e9 o Piedras. De all\u00ed que no se pueda tomar una decisi\u00f3n sobre la mina sin decidir al mismo tiempo sobre el agua, la agricultura, la salud p\u00fablica y el medio ambiente de toda la regi\u00f3n. <\/p>\n<p>Esto fue justamente lo que dijo la Corte. Para autorizar un proyecto, el Gobierno \u201cdeber\u00e1 dar la oportunidad a las entidades municipales o distritales involucradas de participar activa y eficazmente en dicho proceso, mediante acuerdos sobre la protecci\u00f3n de cuencas h\u00eddricas y la salubridad de la poblaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como del desarrollo econ\u00f3mico, social y cultural de sus comunidades\u201d. Que la misma Corte subraye que la participaci\u00f3n debe ser \u201cactiva\u201d y \u201ceficaz\u201d significa que no basta o\u00edr a las autoridades locales, sino que se requieren \u201cacuerdos\u201d con ellas. Mientras que a los alcaldes se les \u201cproh\u00edbe prohibir\u201d la miner\u00eda, al Gobierno Nacional le est\u00e1 \u201cprohibido permitir\u201d la exploraci\u00f3n o explotaci\u00f3n de recursos mineros sin esos acuerdos. <\/p>\n<p>\u00bfEn qu\u00e9 quedan las consultas populares? Ahora tienen a\u00fan m\u00e1s sentido e importancia. En ellas los ciudadanos opinan acerca de los impactos sobre el agua, el suelo y el medio ambiente que tendr\u00eda un proyecto. Si alcanza la votaci\u00f3n requerida, el parecer ciudadano es obligatorio para las autoridades locales y se convierte en la gu\u00eda para la concertaci\u00f3n entre \u00e9stas y el Gobierno Nacional. <\/p>\n<p>Resta que todos los involucrados tomen nota: que las autoridades y las comunidades locales ajusten sus procedimientos para reconocer la competencia del Gobierno central, y que el Gobierno y la Procuradur\u00eda reconozcan la competencia de los alcaldes y concejos municipales, el efecto de las consultas y el deber de llegar a acuerdos.<\/p>\n<p>Consulte la publicaci\u00f3n original, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/opinion\/quien-decide-sobre-mineria-columna-479969\" data-mce-href=\"http:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/opinion\/quien-decide-sobre-mineria-columna-479969\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Contrary to what the Minister of Mining and the newspaper El Tiempo said, referring to the recent decision of the Constitutional Court, citizens can organize consultations to oppose the effects of mining in their territories,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1615],"tags":[1803,2077,2410,2216,2374,2348],"class_list":["post-28407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-justice","tag-colombia","tag-democracy-en-4","tag-locomotora-minera","tag-medio-ambiente","tag-mineria","tag-procuraduria","subcategory-natural-resources","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Who Decides When it Comes to Mining? 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