{"id":28419,"date":"2014-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-03-18T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/from-the-ethical-to-the-ethnic\/"},"modified":"2017-04-11T08:14:10","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T13:14:10","slug":"from-the-ethical-to-the-ethnic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/from-the-ethical-to-the-ethnic\/","title":{"rendered":"From the Ethical to the Ethnic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfC\u00f3mo evitar que pase de nuevo? Muchos se hacen estas preguntas, indignados por la elecci\u00f3n a la C\u00e1mara de Mar\u00eda del Socorro Bustamante y Mois\u00e9s Orozco, dos pol\u00edticos a los que les sobran los cuestionamientos \u00e9ticos, pero les faltan las razones por las que la Constituci\u00f3n reserv\u00f3 curules para afros: la experiencia de discriminaci\u00f3n por el color de la piel y el trabajo por las comunidades negras. <\/p>\n<p>Las curules ind\u00edgenas y afros surgieron de la Constituyente de 1991. All\u00ed, los representantes ind\u00edgenas adujeron, con raz\u00f3n, que eran la \u00fanica forma como unos y otros tendr\u00edan una voz permanente en un parlamento \u2014y un pa\u00eds\u2014 que los hab\u00eda excluido hist\u00f3ricamente. Hoy llegan al Congreso dos senadores y un representante ind\u00edgenas, y dos representantes por las comunidades negras. <\/p>\n<p>El problema es que la Ley 649 de 2001, que regul\u00f3 estas circunscripciones especiales, dej\u00f3 mejor definidos los criterios para los ind\u00edgenas que para los afros. Mientras a los primeros se les exige \u201chaber ejercido un cargo de autoridad tradicional en su respectiva comunidad o haber sido l\u00edder de una organizaci\u00f3n ind\u00edgena\u201d, a los segundos s\u00f3lo \u201cser miembros de la respectiva comunidad y avalados previamente por una organizaci\u00f3n\u201d afro. De modo que cualquier blanco o mestizo puede declararse negro y conseguir el aval de una de las miles de organizaciones improvisadas que el Ministerio del Interior registra sin ning\u00fan rigor. <\/p>\n<p>El boquete no pas\u00f3 desapercibido para los pol\u00edticos rechazados por otros partidos por conexiones turbias o los que vieron en \u00e9l la oportunidad de ser congresistas con votaciones menores a las que habr\u00edan necesitado en la competencia por curules regulares. As\u00ed fue elegido el cuestionado Yah\u00edr Acu\u00f1a en 2010 y as\u00ed ganaron ahora Bustamante y Orozco. <\/p>\n<p>La soluci\u00f3n va m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de lamentarse de los pol\u00edticos que lavan lo \u00e9tico con lo \u00e9tnico. Implica discutir la pregunta que el Ministerio del Interior y el Consejo Nacional Electoral prefieren esquivar por ser pol\u00edticamente incorrecta: \u00bfqui\u00e9n cuenta como candidato afro y qui\u00e9n no? Es pol\u00edticamente incorrecta porque reconoce que el color de la piel importa; que tener facciones negras reduce dr\u00e1sticamente las oportunidades pol\u00edticas, educativas y laborales en Colombia, como lo hemos mostrado en estudios del Observatorio de Discriminaci\u00f3n Racial. Implica tambi\u00e9n concluir que las curules deben ir a personas negras que han sentido en carne propia la discriminaci\u00f3n contra la cual fueron creadas esas oportunidades.<\/p>\n<p> \u00bfC\u00f3mo decidir qui\u00e9n es negro y qui\u00e9n no? \u00bfAcaso la sola pregunta no genera las mismas distinciones que pretende combatir? Son interrogantes razonables que se hacen incluso quienes denuncian el racismo. Pero la cr\u00edtica generalizada contra Bustamante y Orozco muestra que no es tan dif\u00edcil hacer la distinci\u00f3n. Y que as\u00ed como existen criterios de color para discriminar \u2014preg\u00fantenle a un portero de una discoteca que no admite negros\u2014, no hay raz\u00f3n por la cual no puedan aplicarse para contrarrestarla. As\u00ed lo hacen las universidades brasile\u00f1as para admitir m\u00e1s estudiantes negros o la Fundaci\u00f3n Color para dar premios a los afrocolombianos del a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n<p> La anterior es una soluci\u00f3n v\u00e1lida. Otra ser\u00eda exigir lo mismo que a los representantes ind\u00edgenas: haber ejercido un cargo de autoridad en un consejo comunitario negro o haber sido l\u00edder de una organizaci\u00f3n afro reconocida. Nada garantiza que sean id\u00f3neos. Pero al menos no ser\u00edan una burla a quienes han sido objeto de burlas a lo largo de la historia.<\/p>\n<p>Consulte la publicaci\u00f3n original, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/opinion\/de-etico-etnico-columna-481432\" data-mce-href=\"http:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/opinion\/de-etico-etnico-columna-481432\">aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How did the political class take over the seats reserved for Afro-Colombians in  Congress?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1613],"tags":[1931,2038,1846,1919,1808],"class_list":["post-28419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anti-discrimination","tag-afrocolombianos","tag-consulta-previa","tag-discriminacion","tag-eleccion","tag-human-rights-en","subcategory-racial-discrimination","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-aaa-not-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - 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