{"id":87104,"date":"2023-05-13T17:16:48","date_gmt":"2023-05-13T22:16:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dejusticia.org\/baruleras-poderosas\/"},"modified":"2025-08-15T10:57:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T15:57:05","slug":"powerfull-baruleras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/en\/powerfull-baruleras\/","title":{"rendered":"Powerful Baruleras"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"font--secondary\">Through the halls of Luis Felipe Cabrera School, the only public school in Bar\u00fa, word spread: \u201cLet\u2019s meet after class to talk about what no one talks about.\u201d For a decade, out of 820 students, between 15 and 20 girls and teenagers became pregnant each year. This represented 20% of the institution\u2019s reproductive-age population. Without educational programs to break these poverty traps, it was normal for teenage girls to drop out of school forever.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font--secondary\">That first meeting took place at the Casa Rosada, a venue available for cultural activities in downtown Bar\u00fa, just a few steps from La Bonga, an imposing tree that serves as one of the main gathering spots. That day, 20 women arrived, sat in a circle to hear and see each other; the English and social studies teacher, Mariana Sanz de Santamar\u00eda, led the space, and important debates emerged about the body, menstruation, motherhood, and how to deal with situations of violence.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font--secondary\">What started as a casual meeting led to other intimate, extracurricular, and voluntary dialogue spaces they named women\u2019s circles. In each session, new questions arose about what it meant to be a woman in Bar\u00fa, while self-care and consent practices were reinforced. Then it happened. Fueled by the women\u2019s passion for community, organization, and resistance, they decided to call themselves \u2018Powerful Baruleras.\u2019<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font--secondary\"><b>From the Domination of the Land to the Domination of the Body<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"font--secondary\">One of the places the Poderosas frequent the most is Playa de los Muertos, a former 16th-century Indigenous cemetery, from the time when Bar\u00fa stopped being a peninsula and became an island.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font--secondary\">The Bar\u00fa Island we know today has been marked by struggles for self-determination and recognition of Afro-descendant communities. Tensions over territorial control by wealthy new settlers are evident in the various forms of land ownership and in how Cartagena\u2014one of the cities generating the greatest economic revenue from tourism\u2014has insular and rural districts like Bar\u00fa, where large <a href=\"https:\/\/cerosetenta.uniandes.edu.co\/lo-que-los-hoteles-le-quitaron-a-los-esclavos-libres-de-baru\/\">mangrove ecosystems<\/a> are destroyed to build hotels and luxurious vacation homes, while its residents lack basic services such as aqueducts, sewage systems, and basic waste collection.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font--secondary\">The domination of the land also involved another form of subjugation: that of the body. Colonial dynamics installed gender stereotypes in Bar\u00fa that still persist today. On an island that depends entirely on tourism, men, as the labor force, are mainly engaged in construction, fishing, and plantations. Women, meanwhile, dedicate themselves to domestic work\u2014cleaning and attending to tourists\u2014as well as unpaid labor within their families, where adolescent pregnancies and unwanted motherhoods were normalized for many years.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font--secondary\">In this regard, Bar\u00fa is no different from the national reality. The most recent OECD report (2022) revealed that Colombia has the second highest adolescent pregnancy rate in Latin America, and according to DANE, births to girls under 14 years old increased by 43% between 2020 and 2021. This is why incorporating gender content into basic education becomes a necessity that should be addressed across the country, adapting to the specific realities of each territory.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font--secondary\">By 2018, when Poderosas began to take shape as a support network, the Luis Felipe Cabrera school did not allow teachers to include these topics in the academic curriculum. This situation is reflected throughout Colombia, as the latest <a href=\"https:\/\/welbin.org\/welbin-2022\/\">Welbin Index<\/a> (2022) on school well-being indicates that 7 out of 10 teachers are not trained in human sexuality and sexual and reproductive rights. This shows that talking about teenage pregnancy in Bar\u00fa points to a past of racism, machismo, and colonialism, but is also part of a much broader reality present across the country.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"font--secondary\"><b>The Breaking of the Barulero Taboo<\/b><\/h3>\n<p class=\"font--secondary\">Three of the first Poderosas\u2014Miramar Bamo, Deyageorgina Rodr\u00edguez, and Johandris Medrano\u2014say that the town was full of myths surrounding menstruation. Some they remember: \u201cIf we are bleeding, we cannot be barefoot; don\u2019t even think about cooking papaya sweets, because they will spoil; if you visit a flower harvest, the roses will die; if you enter a cockfighting pit, the roosters will become dazed; if you get on a motorcycle, the tire will burst.\u201d In other words, the menstrual cycle was used to justify any tragedy or sexist behavior.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_76867\" style=\"width: 335px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-76867\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-76867\" src=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-325x217.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"325\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-325x217.jpeg 325w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-270x180.jpeg 270w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-720x480.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-215x143.jpeg 215w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-320x213.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-333x223.jpeg 333w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-150x100.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-600x400.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-76867\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201cWe were always taught to be rivals, but women, like water, grow when they come together,\u201d says Johandris Medrano.<\/p><\/div>\n<p data-start=\"570\" data-end=\"1009\">\u201cThey made us believe that our blood is bad, dirty, and not powerful. But now I feel powerful every time my period comes because I know its healing properties and it reminds me I am healthy,\u201d says Marimar Bamo who, as her name suggests, was born in the middle of the sea; she is a culinary student, Bar\u00fa activist, and mentor of Poderosas. Today, Marimar also leads reading circles with boys and girls to talk about the body and emotions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1324\">The creation of Poderosas set off alarm bells among some parents and school administrators who felt the initiative was an \u201cincitement to have sexual relations.\u201d However, in a very short time, the results of this awakening spoke for themselves: teenage pregnancy dropped from 18 to 4 cases between 2018 and 2019.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1659\">Susana de la Rosa Hern\u00e1ndez, mother of nine-year-old Gabriela Mart\u00ednez, says her daughter no longer follows the \u201cBar\u00fa taboo\u201d and now knows about prevention and contraceptive methods. \u201cThe other day she told me: I need a menstrual cup, and I was amazed, because we are cutting off the sexist roots that still chase us,\u201d says Susana.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_76869\" style=\"width: 335px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-76869\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-76869\" src=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-325x217.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"325\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-325x217.jpeg 325w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-270x180.jpeg 270w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-720x480.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-215x143.jpeg 215w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-320x213.jpeg 320w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-333x223.jpeg 333w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-150x100.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2-600x400.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/develop.dejusticia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-05-13-at-5.45.43-PM-2.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-76869\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cristina Hern\u00e1ndez, 75, is the grandmother of Ana Sof\u00eda and Gabriela Mart\u00ednez de la Rosa.<\/p><\/div>\n<p data-start=\"2130\" data-end=\"2535\">Poderosas circles have also been joined by sisters, mothers, grandmothers, and other women from neighboring communities. Gabriela\u2019s grandmother, Cristina Hern\u00e1ndez, took part for the first time at the age of 75: \u201cThey told us we were born through the armpit!\u201d she jokes, recalling how her parents never spoke openly about these issues, and how she now does so without hesitation with her granddaughters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2537\" data-end=\"3029\">Mariana Sanz de Santamar\u00eda, director of Poderosas\u2014known by her students as \u201cLa se\u00f1o\u201d (the teacher)\u2014says that when she arrived in Bar\u00fa, her flag was not feminism but education. But she quickly understood that feminism permeated everything: \u201cIf we didn\u2019t start by strengthening decision-making power, self-knowledge, and critical thinking, it was impossible to fight against gender-based violence that perpetuates inequalities. I came to understand what feminism is thanks to the Bar\u00fa women.\u201d<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3031\" data-end=\"3485\">\u201cLa se\u00f1o\u201d came to Bar\u00fa through the Teach for Colombia program. Very quickly, the absenteeism of girls and adolescents due to menstruation, and the normalization of teenage pregnancies, led her to organize these extracurricular meetings, which today remain at the heart of Poderosas. These training circles in leadership and sexual education are structured into modules of 10 to 15 sessions, with the flexibility to adapt to the needs of each territory.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3487\" data-end=\"3952\">This seed, which proposes a new way of educating about sexual and reproductive rights, has spread across Colombia and is now bearing fruit in Urab\u00e1 (Antioquia), La Guajira, Cundinamarca, Arauca, Bol\u00edvar, Choc\u00f3, and Valle del Cauca, where new groups of Poderosas have been formed, impacting more than 2,000 girls and young women. In 2023, they set a collective goal: to have men also participate in these circles of dialogue, and some have already started joining.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3954\" data-end=\"4471\">In Bar\u00fa, women have been\u2014and are now more than ever\u2014Poderosas: they speak of sisterhood, seek relationships where mutual care and emotional responsibility are valued. They talk openly about desire, pleasure, and rights. Girls and young women identify the different manifestations of violence and know the alternatives for responding assertively. They also share their ideas about what a family means and reflect on their future plans, while at school they are not intimidated if someone says their blood is \u201cdirty.\u201d<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4473\" data-end=\"4823\">And so, the rooster didn\u2019t get dazed, the motorcycle didn\u2019t break down, the papaya sweet didn\u2019t spoil, the flower bloomed straight toward the sun. The girls went to class, the women expanded their leadership to the rhythm of champeta, the men joined with respect and enthusiasm, and the Poderosas went out to celebrate life at Playa de los Muertos.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4825\" data-end=\"5007\">(*) Researcher at Dejusticia<br data-start=\"4853\" data-end=\"4856\" \/>(**) This article is part of the special #TejidoVivo, the result of a journalistic alliance between the Dejusticia research center and El Espectador.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The resistance struggles of the people of Bar\u00fa are now joined by the leadership of a group of women who are organizing to talk about sex education. Their activism contributed to the reduction of teenage pregnancy from 18 to 4 cases between 2018 and 2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131,"featured_media":76864,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[7402],"class_list":["post-87104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-program-for-strengthening-colombia","subcategory-gender-discrimination","subcategory-highlight","medium-el-espectador-en","post-scope-national-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.9 (Yoast SEO v25.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Powerful Baruleras - Dejusticia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The resistance struggles of the people of Bar\u00fa are now joined by the leadership of a group of women who are organizing to talk about sex education. 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